REVIEW

•  TO START

PART 1

• LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING PICTURES:

 

• ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: DO YOU REMEMBER THE TOPICS? WHAT DO YOU KNOW OF THEM?

• NOW, READ THE RULES LEARNED: 

 

                 

                        CAN / CAN´T

                     

                             EXAMPLE:

LIKE + VERB(ING)

           

                        Use:

                          We can use several different words and phrases in English to talk about things we                           like and dislike.

           

                               1)  like                  love                enjoy

                               2)  don’t mind

                               3)  dislike          hate                   can’t stand

                      

                       Form:

                         After these words you can use a noun or a verb in the –ing form.

                             I like water.                                         I like swimming.

                            I love sports.                                      I love running.

                           We enjoy good food.                     We enjoy eating out.

                           I don’t mind housework.              I don’t mind cooking.

                           I dislike buses.                                   I dislike waiting.

                           I hate housework                             I hate cleaning.

                          I can’t stand planes.                       I can’t stand flying.

               Spelling rules:

              Remember the spelling rules when you make the –ing form.

               

                - If a verb ends in e, delete the e before you add –ing.

                           have                   =>           I love having breakfast in bed.

                - If a verb ends one vowel and one consonant, double the consonant.

                           swim                   =>           I don’t like swimming.

              Exceptions: words that end in w or y.

                         row                                  =>           I love rowing.

                         sew                                 =>           I don’t like rowing.

                        play                                 =>           I like playing football.

           Other exceptions:

                      iron                                   =>           My mum hates ironing.

                     open                                  =>           I don’t mind opening the window for you.

OBJECT PRONOUNS

An object pronoun, also called objective pronoun, functions as the object of a verb            or preposition, as distinguished from a subject or subjective pronoun, which is the                  subject of a verb.

        Examples:

     - He begged her to live with him. (her is the object of the verb begged and him is the object of the preposition with)

- She told them the truth. (them is the object of the verb told)

         Object pronouns are used instead of object nouns, usually because we already know            what the object is.

- She's my friend. I really enjoy being with her.

- I like this film. I saw it last week.

      Object Pronouns

       Object pronouns in English are the following:

       me, you, him, her, it, us, them

      Object pronouns come after either a verb (e.g "like") or a preposition (e.g "to").

     Examples:

- I like you but you don't like me.

- Do you really hate her?

- She loves sitting next to him. 

- She always writes e-mails to us.

- He's talking to her about it.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

      We use possessive pronouns to refer to a specific person/people or             thing/things (the "antecedent") belonging to a person/people (and             sometimes belonging to an animal/animals or thing/things).

     

      We use possessive pronouns depending on:

     - number: singular (eg: mine) or plural (eg: ours)

     - person: 1st person (eg: mine), 2nd person (eg: yours) or 3rd person        (eg: his)

    - gender: male (his), female (hers)

      

      Below are the possessive pronouns, followed by some example                  sentences. Notice that each possessive pronoun can:

    - be subject or object

    - refer to a singular or plural antecedent

number	person	gender (of "owner")	possessive pronouns
singular	1st	male/female	mine
	2nd	male/female	yours
	3rd	male	his
		female	hers
plural	1st	male/female	ours
	2nd	male/female	yours
	3rd	male/female/neuter	theirs

• Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. (subject = My picture)

• I like your flowers. Do you like mine? (object = my flowers) 

• My flowers are dying. Yours are lovely. (subject = Your flowers) 

• Your photos are good. Ours are terrible. (subject = Our photos) 

• I don't like this family's garden but I like yours. (object = your garden) 

• These aren't John and Mary's children. Theirs have black hair. (subject = Their children)

• John and Mary don't like your car. Do you like theirs? (object = their car)

  Notice that the following (with apostrophe [']) do NOT exist: her's,           your's, their's

    Notice that the interrogative pronoun whose can also be a possessive         pronoun (an interrogative possessive pronoun). 

   - Look at these examples:

• There was $100 on the table and Tara wondered whose it was.
• This car hasn't moved for two months. Whose is it?

PAST OF VERB TO BE

USE WAS/WERE TO TALK ABOUT THE PAST.

To Be - Affirmative

Subject	To Be	Examples
I	was	I was tired this morning.
You	were	You were very good.
He	was	He was the best in his class.
She	was	She was late for work.
It	was	It was a sunny day.
We	were	We were at home.
You	were	You were on holiday.
They	were	They were happy with their test results.

To Be - Negative Sentences

The negative of To Be can be made by adding not after the verb (was or were).

Subject	To Be	Examples
I	was not	I was not tired this morning.
You	were not	You were not crazy.
He	was not	He was not married.
She	was not	She was not famous.
It	was not	It was not hot yesterday.
We	were not	We were not invited.
You	were not	You were not at the party.
They	were not	They were not friends.

To Be - Negative Contractions

The can make negative contractions of the verb To Be in the Past tense by joining the verb (was or were) and n't (e.g. were not = weren't). We don't make a contraction of the subject and the verb (e.g. I was).

I was not tired this morning.	OR	I wasn't tired this morning.
You were not crazy.	OR	You weren't crazy.
He was not married.	OR	He wasn't married.
She was not famous.	OR	She wasn't famous.
It was not hot yesterday.	OR	It wasn't hot yesterday.
We were not invited.	OR	We weren't invited.
You were not at the party.	OR	You weren't at the party.
They were not friends.	OR	They weren't friends.

* Notice that we don't have contractions for To Be in Past Tense affirmative sentences.

To Be - Questions

To create questions with To Be, you put the Verb before the Subject.

Affirmative	You	were	happy.
	Subject	Verb
Question	Were	you	happy?
	Verb	Subject

Affirmative	Question
I was late	Was I late?
You were sick.	Were you sick?
He was surprised.	Was he surprised?
She was from Italy.	Was she from Italy?
It was a big house.	Was it a big house?
We were ready.	Were we ready?
You were early.	Were you early?
They were busy.	Were they busy?

To Be - Short Answers

In spoken English, we usually give short answers in response to questions.

Was he from Japan? - Yes, he was (from Japan). The last part (from Japan) is not necessary. We use shorts answers to avoid repetition, when the meaning is clear.

Question	Short Answers**	Short Answers
Was I late?	Yes, you were.	No, you weren't.
Were you sick?	Yes, I was.	No, I wasn't.
Was he surprised?	Yes, he was.	No, he wasn't.
Was she from Italy?	Yes, she was.	No, she wasn't.
Was it a big house?	Yes, it was.	No, it wasn't.
Were we ready?	Yes, we were.	No, we weren't.
Were you early?	Yes, we were.	No, we weren't.
Were they busy?	Yes, they were.	No, they weren't.

** With To Be, We don't use contractions in affirmative short answers.

WE ARE READY

IT'S TIME TO PRACTICES!!!!